Game paddles, joysticks, steering wheels etc. These include most printers, modems, pointing devices, scanners, cameras and like devices.
#UNIVERSAL BUS COMPUTER SERIAL#
With a speed of 12 megabits per second, the typical devices attached to serial and parallel ports are excellent candidates for USB attachment (Rehak, 1999). USB 2.0 is fully compatible with USB 1.1 and uses the same cables and connectors (Universal Serial Bus - FAQs). USB 2.0 is an external bus that supports data rates up to 480 megabits per second.
With USB 1.1, the bus operates at either 12 megabits per second or 1.5 megabits per second, depending on the attached device. The USB architecture is defined as an intermediate speed bus. A maximum of 127 devices can be attached to a hub. Hubs are what are connected, hubs connect to hubs. USB uses a hub architecture (Rehak, 1999). It provides a way to funnel information from many devices into and out of a computer system in an orderly manner.
#UNIVERSAL BUS COMPUTER PC#
And, the flow of information in USB is more like an advanced data network protocol than the traditional PC serial bus data flow. The unit can be plugged in to a different port each time with no consequence.
#UNIVERSAL BUS COMPUTER SOFTWARE#
After loading the device software the computer user can plug the physical device anywhere in the USB network and it will work. Unlike older ports, USB uses one interrupt request no matter how many devices are in use and it offers instant plug and play for its device set. Those ports impose limitations such as cable length, cable size and complexity. The intent of the USB architecture is to provide a replacement for the aging serial and parallel ports on existing computers (Rehak, 1999). The On-The-Go Supplement addresses this need for mobile interconnectivity by allowing a USB peripheral to have: limited host capability to communicate with selected other USB peripherals, a small USB connector to fit the mobile form factor and lower power features to preserve battery life. Another new USB standard, USB On-The-Go (OTG), made an initial appearance in the market in 2002 to address the growing need for devices to communicate directly with each other when a PC is not available (USB On-The-Go, USB Implementers Forum). The USB 2.0 spec was released at WinHEC in April 2000.
As a result, work began on USB 2.0 which would deliver speed forty times faster than USB 1.1. USB 1.1's speed was insufficient to support the most demanding PC user applications, such as digital image creation and web publishing, where multiple high-speed peripherals will be running simultaneously (Universal Serial Bus - FAQs). However, it wasn't until the release of the best-selling Apple iMac in 1998 that USB became widespread. Starting in 1996, a few computer manufacturers started including USB 1.1 support in their new machines. The first USB 1.1 peripheral bus standard was developed in 1997 and the technology was made available without charge for all computer and device vendors (USB, TechTarget). With USB, a new device can be added to a computer without having to add an adapter card or turn the computer off. Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a plug-and- play interface between a computer and add-on devices (such as audio players, joysticks, keyboards, telephones, scanners, and printers).
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